B2 · Upper-intermediate
Modal verbs · Deduction past
Modal perfects (must/might/can't have)
Estimated study time: about 47 minutes
Meaning and purpose
Deduction and speculation about the past
Examples
She must have left already.
Correct versus incorrect
Correct
She must have left already.
Incorrect example
No paired incorrect sentence has been authored for this lesson yet.
Common misconception
Form (must of); meaning distinctions
Practice and review
This lesson has 44 exercises. Choose how you want to practise.
One question at a time
Check each answer as you go and see the explanation straight away.
Answer all, then check
Work through every question first, then submit once for your result.