Grammar catalog
A guided list of B1 and B2 topics. Filter to a weak point, then open a short lesson and practise.
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Future perfect
Actions completed by a future point
Quick preview of Future perfect
- Example
- By June I will have finished.
- Common misconception
- Form; confusion with future continuous
Future perfect continuous
Duration up to a future point
Quick preview of Future perfect continuous
- Example
- By 5 she will have been driving for six hours.
- Common misconception
- Form; low frequency
Future in the past
was going to/would for past-viewed future
Quick preview of Future in the past
- Example
- I was going to call but I forgot.
- Common misconception
- Tense choice
Other future forms
be about to/be due to/be on the point of
Quick preview of Other future forms
- Example
- The train is about to leave.
- Common misconception
- Form and register
Narrative tenses with used to/would
Full past-tense system for narration
Quick preview of Narrative tenses with used to/would
- Example
- The sun had set and we were still walking.
- Common misconception
- Sequencing; would for states
Modal perfects (must/might/can't have)
Deduction and speculation about the past
Quick preview of Modal perfects (must/might/can't have)
- Example
- She must have left already.
- Common misconception
- Form (must of); meaning distinctions
Should have / ought to have
Regret and criticism about the past
Quick preview of Should have / ought to have
- Example
- You should have told me.
- Common misconception
- Form; should of
Needn't have / didn't need to
Unnecessary past actions distinction
Quick preview of Needn't have / didn't need to
- Example
- You needn't have cooked.
- Common misconception
- needn't have vs didn't need to meaning
Modal verbs of obligation and permission
Range of obligation prohibition permission
Quick preview of Modal verbs of obligation and permission
- Example
- Visitors are not allowed to smoke.
- Common misconception
- let/make/allow patterns
Speculation and deduction expressions
Modals plus be bound to/likely to
Quick preview of Speculation and deduction expressions
- Example
- They're bound to win.
- Common misconception
- Register; form
Mixed conditionals
Cross-time hypothetical conditions
Quick preview of Mixed conditionals
- Example
- If I had studied I would have a better job now.
- Common misconception
- Matching correct clause tenses
Alternatives to if
unless/provided/as long as/even if
Quick preview of Alternatives to if
- Example
- You can go as long as you're careful.
- Common misconception
- unless meaning; comma use